How does blockchain create real financial impact? This story follows a veteran software architect who used enterprise-grade Solidity skills to build Afritokeni, a bridge between mobile money and DeFi in Africa. Learn why it was built, how it works, and what serious Web3 engineering looks like when it solves real problems that matter today globally.
mart contracts are at the heart of blockchain development, and choosing the right programming language can make all the difference. This article breaks down nine popular smart contract languages, their strengths, and real-world use cases. If you’re building on Ethereum, Solana, or beyond, read the full guide to choose the right language and build more secure, efficient decentralized applications.
Solidity powers Ethereum smart contracts, but writing effective code requires more than knowing the syntax. From managing gas costs and avoiding security vulnerabilities to applying proven design patterns and testing rigorously, this guide breaks down essential Solidity best practices to help you build secure, efficient, and production-ready smart contracts with confidence.
Choosing the right programming language depends on what you want to build and the career path you want to follow. This guide explains the strengths of popular options like Python, JavaScript, Java, Go, Rust and Swift, and shows which languages are best for web development, data science, mobile apps and high performance systems.
Solidity is the main programming language for creating smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. This article covers Solidity projects for beginners like the “Hello, World!” contract, token sale contracts, voting systems, crowdfunding contracts, and more.
Create a free NFT on OpenSea or Rarible using lazy minting with no gas fees upfront. Set up MetaMask, connect your wallet, upload PNG, GIF, or WEBP art, and list instantly. The buyer pays minting costs upon purchase. Perfect for artists to prove ownership, sell digital collectibles, and skip Ethereum fees. Read more to know more.
If you’ve ever wondered how to use the same token seamlessly across multiple blockchains, LayerZero’s Omnichain Fungible Token (OFT) standard is the answer. It eliminates the need for wrapped tokens and bridges by maintaining one unified token supply across all networks. This guide explains what OFTs are, how they work, and why they matter.
This article explores various Web3 courses and Web3 bootcamps that can help you gain the necessary skills and experience to become a Web3 developer. It also covers the key topics such as the skills you need to master and the career prospects in Web3, to help you make an informed decision.
According to Metana’s expertise as a leading blockchain education platform, top blockchain analysts stand out by blending technical knowledge with industry insight and strong communication skills. This article highlights the 13 key skills employers look for — from data analysis and smart contract evaluation to problem-solving and clear, business-focused communication.
TL; DR: Oracle Blockchain An oracle in blockchain is like a helper that lets a blockchain network connect with other data sources or systems. It’s
Testing a smart contract without risking real ETH is a game-changer. The Sepolia testnet lets you do just that. This guide, shows you how to deploy a smart contract using MetaMask and a browser-based Solidity IDE, with free test ETH from the Metana Sepolia Faucet.
A DeFi smart contract is like an autonomous financial agent built on the blockchain (most commonly Ethereum). It’s written in code (think Solidity) and designed to automatically execute actions when certain conditions are met. No banks, no middlemen. Just trustless code doing exactly what it’s programmed to do.
TL;DR: Smart contracts are self-executing agreements written in code that automatically execute when certain conditions are met. They function on blockchain technology, removing the need
TL;DR The Evolution of Web3 Developer Tools As we move through 2025, the Web3 space is maturing, offering developers a powerful ecosystem of frameworks, languages,
The average Web3 developer salary in 2025 ranges between $80,000 and $300,000+ USD per year, depending on factors like role, experience level, …
TL;DR: Imagine buying a house in minutes, without piles of paperwork or waiting weeks for approval. This isn’t science fiction—it’s how blockchain technology is transforming
TL;DR The average Web3 developer salary in 2025 ranges between $80,000 and $250,000+ USD per year, depending on factors like role, experience level, and the
TL;DR Decentralised finance (DeFi) has quickly become a revolutionary force in the financial world, offering opportunities to earn, lend, and borrow without intermediaries. However, while
TL;DR Understanding the Web3 Peer-to-Peer Marketplace Advantage Data Ownership & Privacy This empower users with full control over their data, addressing privacy concerns prevalent in
TL;DR In the rapidly evolving world of DeFi with Uniswap hooks, traders seek innovative ways to optimize their strategies while minimizing risks. One such approach
TL;DR Decentralized finance (DeFi) has transformed trading by giving users full control over their assets. A take-profit limit order allows traders to automate their exit
TL;DR In the rapidly evolving world of decentralized finance (DeFi), liquidity mining has emerged as a crucial component in ensuring the smooth functioning of decentralized
TL;DR: What is a Modular Blockchain? Blockchains are categorized as monolithic or modular. A monolithic blockchain integrates consensus, data storage, and transaction execution into a
TL;DR JavaScript is evolving to support Web3 applications through: Overall, understanding JavaScript is essential as it continues to be a fundamental tool in building innovative
TL;DR: Web3 is the next evolution of the internet, transitioning from centralized control to decentralized ownership powered by blockchain. Comparison with previous internet versions: Impact
TL;DR Optimistic Rollups scale Ethereum by processing transactions off-chain, reducing gas fees and congestion while maintaining security. They assume transactions are valid unless challenged, with
TL;DR A Solidity IDE is an essential tool for writing, testing, and deploying smart contracts efficiently. Since smart contracts are immutable after deployment, using a
Why Are Smart Contracts Changing Gaming? Imagine playing a game where you truly own your in-game items, and rewards are handed out automatically and fairly—without
As blockchain technology continues to mature, the need for scalability, efficiency, and affordability has grown exponentially. Enter Layer 2 smart contracts, a powerful solution designed
What Are Smart Contracts? Imagine a digital agreement that runs itself once everyone agrees on the terms — that’s a smart contract. These are self-executing
Smart contracts have transformed the execution of digital transactions and agreements by offering a secure, automated, and tamper-proof solution for managing complex workflows. However, their
The wait is over—ETHGlobal Pragma is back for 2025! This transformative one-day, single-track, in-person summit is where Ethereum’s brightest minds, developers, and industry leaders come
In the fast evolving world of decentralized finance and blockchain technology, the need for secure and reliable data feeds is more important than ever. Chainlink,
Remote working has become one of the biggest trends in the modern workplace, changing how, where and when we work. Enabled by technology and accelerated
TL;DR: In the world of decentralized finance (DeFi), Uniswap has emerged as one of the most prominent decentralized exchanges (DEXs), enabling users to swap tokens,
The world of decentralized finance (DeFi) is evolving rapidly, with numerous protocols and platforms pushing the boundaries of how finance works in the digital age.
The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a critical component of the Ethereum blockchain, powering smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps). Understanding how to interact with
A deeper understanding on the difference between storage, memory, and calldata is important for optimizing smart contracts, ensuring better performance, reducing gas costs, and securing
With the rapid evolution of decentralized finance, non-fungible tokens, and smart contracts, the need for transparency in blockchain networks has become more important than ever.
Avalanches are innovative, multi-layer blockchain platforms that have gained significant popularity in the cryptocurrency and decentralized application world. It is designed to be highly scalable,
TL;DR Yes, you can implement a basic blockchain using JavaScript! This article walks you through creating a simple blockchain, covering key concepts like blocks, hashes,
Solidity is the primary programming language for Ethereum smart contracts. While it offers a high-level, developer-friendly syntax, it also provides access to low-level assembly, which
Blockchain technology has evolved rapidly, introducing new platforms and features aimed at expanding decentralization and enhancing scalability, security, and performance. The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)
TL;DR: Smart contracts have become one of the most revolutionary aspects of blockchain technology, especially in decentralized finance (DeFi), digital assets, and automation. These self-executing
TL;DR Bytes32 is a fixed-size (32-byte) data type in Solidity, optimized for the EVM. Used for hashes, Ethereum addresses, and fixed-size strings to save gas.
JavaScript and Solidity are both high-level programming languages widely used in their respective domains. While JavaScript dominates the web development world, Solidity is the most
The Solidity compiler is the essential tool that converts high-level Solidity code into a format that the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) can understand. Whether you’re
As blockchain technology continues to advance, Solidity has become the backbone of smart contract development on the Ethereum network. It has gained popularity as a
Solidity is a popular, high-level programming language that is used to develop smart contracts on the ethereum blockchain. These self-executing contracts hold the potential to
Solidity is a high-level, object-oriented programming language designed for implementing smart contracts, which have become one of the most transformative innovations of our time. These
If you’re looking to dive into blockchain development, one of the first steps is to learn Solidity. Solidity is the most widely used programming language
In the world of blockchain and cryptocurrency, the term Wei holds a significant importance, particularly within the Ethereum ecosystem. While many are familiar with Ether
Understanding Solidity is crucial if you’re eager to dive into blockchain development. However, mastering the language is just the beginning. You must identify the best
In the ever-evolving world of blockchain technology, Solidity has established itself as the go-to programming language for creating smart contracts on the Ethereum platform. As
In this article, we will walkthrough Ethernaut Level 21: Shop. This challenge is designed to test your understanding of how view functions interact with state
In the ever-evolving world of blockchain development, Solidity stands out as the most popular programming language for Ethereum. However, like any other programming language, Solidity
Smart contracts have revolutionized trust, transparency, and automation in decentralized systems. To maintain this trust as blockchain evolves, it’s crucial to test smart contracts before
As the backbone of Ethereum smart contracts, Solidity has gained significant traction as the languages for building decentralized applications (dApps). As the demand for the
So, you wanna be a Web3 engineer, huh? That’s a bold move, kiddo. You’re basically signing up to be a digital alchemist, crafting the foundation
Ethernaut Level 20: Denial focuses on a vulnerability related to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. In this article, we’ll break down the Denial contract, identify its vulnerabilities,
In this walkthrough, we will guide you through the Ethernaut Level 19: Alien Codex challenge. This challenge is designed to test your skills in array
Discover what a Web3 wallet is and how it works, including its role in the decentralized web and blockchain technology.
Web3 development thrives on smart contracts – self-executing programs on the blockchain. These contracts are written in high-level languages like Solidity and then compiled into
Decentralization is the cornerstone of Web3, aiming to empower users and reduce reliance on centralized control. However, a common pitfall in Web3 development contradicts this
Exception handling is a crucial aspect of any programming language, and Web3 development with Solidity is no exception. The try-catch block offers a mechanism to
Web3 thrives on the power of smart contracts – self-executing programs that automate tasks on the blockchain. However, a seemingly minor oversight – unchecked return
This article will break down the Ethernaut Level 16: Preservation contract, point out its flaws, and show how the Hack contract takes advantage of these
Web3 thrives on user empowerment and the ease of sending and receiving cryptocurrency. However, a growing threat lurks in the shadows: Address Poisoning. This malicious
The lifeblood of Web3 applications often lies in tokens, and ERC token standards provide a common language for creating and interacting with these digital assets
Web3 is ushering in a new era of financial applications, blending traditional finance (TradFi) with decentralized finance (DeFi). Many projects straddle this line, requiring a
Web3 applications represent the cutting edge of decentralization, but they do not operate in isolation. These applications require real-world data to function effectively, and this
Flash loans, a cornerstone of DeFi (Decentralized Finance), offer exciting liquidity possibilities. But in the wrong hands, they can become a developer’s nightmare – fueling
In the realm of Web3, the concept of decentralization is not just a buzzword—it’s a fundamental principle. Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) epitomize this ethos, where
In the world of blockchain and smart contracts, security is paramount. However, there’s a fine line between ensuring security and creating rigid, inflexible systems. One
In the dynamic and evolving landscape of Web3, randomness plays a crucial role in ensuring the fairness and unpredictability of various applications. From provably fair
TL;DR In the world of smart contracts, where code governs the execution of transactions and other functions, the importance of proper input validation cannot be
In a traditional transaction, one party sends funds to another in exchange for goods or services. This exchange typically follows a well-defined sequence of steps.
Access control is a crucial aspect of smart contract security, governing who is authorized to perform specific actions within the contract. Just as a bouncer
TL;DR: Challenge 13: Gatekeeper One, also known as Ethernaut Level 13, stands out because it necessitates a thorough understanding of Ethereum transactions and gas mechanics.
Imagine a world where anything digital can be securely owned and traded. Artwork, in-game items, concert tickets, even your loyalty points – all represented by
Welcome to the fascinating world of smart contracts, where lines of code dictate financial agreements and automate complex processes. But what about time? How do
Ethernaut Level 12 titled “Privacy” challenges the concept of “private” data on the blockchain. In this level, you’ll encounter a locked contract, and your objective
Decentralized Applications, commonly known as dApps, have revolutionized the way we interact with digital services, providing enhanced security, transparency, and user control. As the backbone
Ethernaut challenges, comparable to a Web3-themed hacking Capture The Flag (CTF) competition, offer a dynamic environment for diving into Ethereum and Solidity programming. Each level
Imagine a program that relies on stock prices to make investment decisions. It checks its internal database, but the information is outdated. The program is
Understanding re-entrancy is crucial for anyone developing or auditing Ethereum smart contracts. Failure to properly handle re-entrant calls can result in the loss of funds
We all rely on apps in our daily lives – for social media, shopping, banking, and more. But have you ever considered who controls these
Delegatecall is a powerful but intricate feature in Solidity that allows contracts to delegate execution to other contracts. Understanding delegatecalls is crucial for building advanced
In this challenge, we’ll dive into smart contracts’ payment vulnerability and essential security practices to prevent such issues. By the end of ethernaut level 9,
Ethernaut challenges, akin to a hacking Capture The Flag (CTF) for Web3 enthusiasts, provide an immersive platform to explore Ethereum and Solidity programming. Each challenge
TL;DR Solidity contracts interact with other contracts using high-level calls (via interfaces) or low-level calls (call, delegatecall, staticcall). Key Differences: Best Practices: In Solidity, contracts
Imagine you walk into a fancy restaurant, eager to try their new menu. But before you can even glance at the dishes, the waiter informs
Being relatively new to the Web3 space and having a keen interest in Security has naturally led to me participating the Ethernaut Challenge hosted by
Imagine a super secure way to store information and run programs on the internet, like a giant digital record keeper everyone can trust. That’s what
In this level, we will familiarize ourselves with delegatecall and fallback. This serves as a preliminary step towards understanding more advanced concepts, like the proxy
TL;DR A Decentralized Exchange (DEX) allows peer-to-peer trading without intermediaries. To build a basic DEX using Solidity, key components include: Steps to build: Enhancements include
TL;DR: The world of blockchain technology has seen a increase in the development and use of tokens. These digital assets represent ownership, utility, or access
The world of blockchain technology is full of new and exciting ideas. Blockchains are great because they are very secure and can’t be easily changed,
Blockchain technology is really innovative, and smart contracts are a big part of that. Smart contracts are like automatic agreements that run themselves, but they
Solidity, the programming language for Ethereum smart contracts, excels at automating tasks and enforcing complex logic within the secure confines of the blockchain. However, smart
TL;DR: Solidity, the programming language specifically designed for Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), plays a pivotal role in building robust NFT marketplaces. This article explains, NFT
The world of blockchain technology develops on real-time communication and transparency. Smart contracts, the self-executing programs on blockchains, play a significant role in this dynamic
Solidity, the programming language powering Ethereum smart contracts, offers robust tools for code reusability. Two key approaches dominate this landscape: inheritance and libraries. While both
Smart contracts, the self-executing code on blockchains, have revolutionized various industries. They offer trust, transparency, and automation in transactions, forming the backbone of Decentralized Applications
TL;DR: Solidity, the preeminent language for building smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain and other platforms, empowers developers to create decentralized applications (DApps) that automate
Have you stumbled upon the acronym DAO and scratched your head in confusion? You’re not alone. Decentralized Autonomous Organizations are the new hot topic in
Imagine a world full of bugs and weird happenings, but we’re not talking about bugs you find under a rock—we’re diving into the cool world
Ever found yourself staring at your computer screen, wondering if Solidity has a personal vendetta against you? You’re not alone. Picture this: It’s 2 AM,
Did you know 80% of internet users are concerned about their online privacy? Web3 offers a solution, built on a foundation of powerful protocols. It’s
Imagine a world where you have complete control over your finances, without relying on traditional banks or middlemen. This is the promise of Decentralized Finance
Have you ever wondered how innovative applications securely interact with the Ethereum blockchain? At the heart of this interaction are powerful tools known as Web3.js
TL;DR Have you ever faced a sudden stop sign while navigating the Ethereum universe? Meet the execution reverted errors, the EVM’s way of keeping things
TL;DR Blockchain technology has revolutionized the digital world, and at the forefront of this revolution are two key programming languages: Solidity and Rust. The ongoing
Operators are the mini-commands that make code come alive! They’re like special symbols that tell a computer what actions to perform on values and variables.
You probably already know about Solidity, right? It’s a programming language that helps us create smart contracts on the Ethereum network. It’s quite similar to
Solidity is a popular programming language for writing smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. In Solidity, global variables play a crucial role in the functioning
TL;DR Solidity is a high-level programming language specifically designed for developing smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. In Solidity, functions are a fundamental building block,
TL;DR:In Solidity, variables are used to store and manipulate data in smart contracts. They are classified into value types (e.g., uint, bool, address, bytes) and
Smart contracts are like digital wizards—self-executing agreements with predefined rules, all meticulously encoded. They’re the enchanting core of blockchain technology, promising a world of transparency
TL;DR: Flash loans are a super cool new idea in the world of decentralized finance (DeFi). They let users borrow as much money as they
Blockchain technology is revolutionizing the way we think about data and trust. But what exactly is Layer 1 in blockchain, and why is it so
Cryptocurrency and blockchain technology have been steadily gaining popularity in recent years, and as a result, there has been an increased demand for developers with
TL;DR: Ethereum development is a high-demand skill in blockchain and programming. To become a proficient Ethereum developer, follow a sequential learning path: By following this
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